Infixation is when an infix is inserted in the middle of a morpheme to change its meaning or usage. In English, we have not many more than a couple infixes such as in A-freaking-mazing and edu-ma-cation.
Infixation is much more productive in Cantonese.
Let's look at the who what when where why today:
WHO 邊鬼個 - 邊鬼個泊架車係度呀?"Who the heck parked the car here?"
WHAT 乜鬼野 - 哩舊乜鬼野黎架?"What the heck is this thing?"
WHERE 邊鬼度 - 我個銀包擺左係邊鬼度?"Where the heck is my wallet?"
HOW 點鬼做/知/算 - 我點鬼知你個銀包擺左係邊?"How the heck do I know where your wallet is?"
WHAT 乜鬼野 - 哩舊乜鬼野黎架?"What the heck is this thing?"
WHERE 邊鬼度 - 我個銀包擺左係邊鬼度?"Where the heck is my wallet?"
HOW 點鬼做/知/算 - 我點鬼知你個銀包擺左係邊?"How the heck do I know where your wallet is?"
However, the same infix for "when" and "why" are ungrammatical:
WHEN *幾鬼時放工呀?
WHY *點鬼解你冇返架?
The reason why these are unacceptable are unclear. Initially I thought perhaps it's because of phonological similarities (/g/) in the adjacent syllables making them too cumbersome to say:
幾鬼時 gei gwai si
點鬼解 dim gwai gai
But the syllables in question appear together in other contexts:
套戲幾鬼恐怖呀!
你唔好鬼解釋啦!
So I have no good explanation for why *幾鬼時 and *點鬼解 are ungrammatical. I guess it's one of those irregularities of language.
Note: The infix 鬼 can be substituted with more offensive expletives to add more emphasis.
Next time we will talk about infix -鬼- in adjactives such as 麻鬼煩.
Let me know if you have an explanation for why we can't say *幾鬼時 and *點鬼解!
Edit: According to reader DM, the explanation is likely the phonological similarity of the /g/ sounds, as infixation of the expletive infix "L" in 幾L時 and 點L解 are grammatical. Thanks for the contribution!
Edit: According to reader DM, the explanation is likely the phonological similarity of the /g/ sounds, as infixation of the expletive infix "L" in 幾L時 and 點L解 are grammatical. Thanks for the contribution!
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